Machiavelli s concept of virtue and free will - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1141 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/12 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Niccolo Machiavelli Essay Did you like this example? Machiavellis concept of free will can be described by using two words. The words fortune and prowess are consistently and commonly referenced through his most iconic piece of writing are. fortune and prowess are used to express the two ways in which a prince can rise to power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Machiavelli s concept of virtue and free will" essay for you Create order He alludes to prowess describing it as an individuals unique set of skills, while fortune suggests that things happen due to luck or coincidence. Machiavelli wrote The Prince with a partial intent to explore how much success or failure is caused by the person in the position of powers own free will. He goes into the idea of how much is determined by nature (not god) or the environment in which the prince lives. Before it was made an adage the saying history tends to repeat itself was a huge influence on Machiavelli. While it is impossible to keep the earths tectonic plates from shifting, one can take steps to lessen the earthquakes destructive power. Machiavelli rebukes Italian rulers who failed to protect their kingdom against inevitable changes in fortune. Machiavelli discusses the role of fortune in determining human decisions and interactions. Machiavelli also argues that through foresight people can see themselves against fortunes vicissitudes. He attempts to find middle ground between the idea of free will and predestination by quarreling that at least half of human actions are controlled by fortune and insinuates the other half to ones own free will. However, Machiavelli seems to have faith in the power of free will and how someone can shape their fate; to a degree. A huge premise in the prince Is Machiavellis belief that good laws follow naturally from a strong military. One of his most iconic quotes the presence of sound military forces indicates the presence of sound laws describes the relationship between developing states and war in The Prince. Machiavellis description of war includes more than just brute and direct use of military force, it encompasses knowledge of geography, domestic politics, international diplomacy, battle tactics, contemplation, strategy, and especially historical analysis. There is context given to us by Machiavelli when he describes Italy. In Italy when its cities were constantly under siege and being threatened by neighboring city-states and the land surrounding them had suffered through conflicts of power for a multitude of years. He had a very modern and innovative way to politically think. His method was the observation of basically every single affair of state through a militaristic point of view. There had always been a conventional understanding of war as a necessity, utilizing the prince Machiavelli attempts to elaborate this ideology, by stating war at times is a necessary course of action, but it should not be considered a definitive one. If it is done in excess or in the wrong way it will hinder the development of states and would lead to failure. Instead he avows that war; if successfully utilized, is the foundation upon which all states are built. Much of The Prince is devoted to describing an idiots guide to conducting good war. He goes into: how to treat the people who reside in newly attained lands, how to efficiently reinforce a city that Italy is a country without embankments and without dykes, to which he attributes her present problems. If Italy had been adequately reinforced, like Germany, Spain, and France, then the floods that currently torment it would not have proved so destructive. Lastly, he says how to prevent domestic insurrection that would drastically take away from what he considers a successful war. Remarkably, Machiavellis concept of free will refutes the idea that all events are controlled by luck or fortune, instead it argues that when it comes to any person, they influence at least half of their fate. While Machiavelli acknowledges the power of chance, he limits the impact of God and fortune. A very blunt but valid and rational statement; hints that deep down he may have some humanist thoughts. Machiavelli had the theory, which practically divides environmental factors evenly between a persons free will and the decisions they make, this shows continuity with his other statements regarding the amalgamation of opposites. Machiavelli urges rulers to take precautions against the volatility of fortune. The prince should do his absolute best to prepare for unanticipated calamities. A prince must fortify his state with legal and military embankments. When Machiavelli refers to the temperament of the prince, virtue or virtu (in Italian) is used in particular. He gives us a multitude of examples of how virtue can act as a double-edged sword. He writes that in new principalities, where there is a new prince, one encounters more of less difficulty in maintaining them according to whether the one who acquires them is more or less virtuous. And because the result of becoming a prince from private individual presupposes either virtue or fortune, it appears that one or the others of these two things relieves in part many difficulties; nonetheless, ho who has relied less on fortune has maintained himself more. Hundreds of thousands of people invests a lot of or even their entire life savings into the stock market. Of those who have had success and made a lot more money than they put in, had success as a result of their virtue. Be it some complex combination of skill and disposition, people who were not fortunate will find that it is much easier to maintain their success than those who were blessed enough to get lucky, or that their success was a result of their networks and connections but not their virtue. In reality it is not as easy to differentiate those investors who were simply lucky or well connected, especially in certain types of markets. Regardless it often appears to be the case that these lucky people who invested at the right time and in the right place are only discovered to be so after it is too late. As it is said, its only until only the tide pulls back then you see those who are swimming naked. Due to maintaining success for a very long time by making the right decisions is one of the biggest allegories of the prince, both for Machiavellis prince and for the many people who invested in stocks, one must try to understand the role of virtue. This is why to Niccol Machiavelli virtue and free will have a closer connection that people think. It can be common to confuse the two. A prince can be virtuous and have everything fall into place like dominos, or he can struggle his entire life constantly having to make the hardest choices. Looking back you can never tell who was lucky and who wasnt, but what you can tell is that each and everyone of them made their own decisions which led them half way to their fate.

Which Way to the Plain of Enlightenment Essay - 2182 Words

Meditation is defined as continued or extended thought; reflection; contemplation. With this in mind how does meditation become categorized under a school of thought? Meditation is different for every person; however there are ideas that stem from certain places. Two of the largest types of meditation are Buddhist meditation and Christian meditation. These large religions have ways in which they suggest to their members to meditate. With Christianity and Buddhism stemming from different parts of the world, would there origins be the main reason for their differences? Perhaps their teaching would have to do with the way that they teach their members to practice? Whatever the case, their methods have been routed in history and have been†¦show more content†¦He traveled to learn deep meditation and yogic practices. Then after years of trying different methods, while sitting under a Budhi tree, he found pure Enlightenment while meditating. From this point on he would teach to anyone who would follow him. In his eyes all were equal, anyone, man or woman from any class. He also created an order of monks that would help him teach his message to the masses. Those who follow the school of Buddhism understand it as a philosophy, moral code, and/or religion. The main goal is to define the type of suffering that a human has and provide a remedy for it. The teachings are centered around non-violence and compassion. The teachings tie in with meditation being the most important way to achieve spiritual insight. Buddhist meditation is very different from all other forms preached by other religions. To understand their meditation one must first learn about the Esoteric Buddhist beliefs and teachings. Esoteric Buddhism is a large sect that is also known as Shingon, which translates to true word, and Mikkyo Buddism. Esoteric Buddhism rose to popularity during the Tang dynasty. This rise was due to the rich liturgy that an esoteric buddhist had to study. It b ecame popular amongst the intellectual who wanted to learn more about the teachings. Esoteric Buddhist also are required to meditate in order to advance in their spiritual progress. Esoteric Buddhism is based primarily on theShow MoreRelatedBuddhist Ethnography Essay1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Buddhist Experience Buddhism is a religion that focuses more on the individual and the actions of that individual, which was prevalent to me when I made my way into Portland and set foot in a Buddhist temple. The man I met within the walls of this temple was far from my stereotypical thoughts of Buddhist monks. The man I met looked like your plain old, average Joe, American man. 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Customer Service and Order Processors Free Essays

The Human Side of Management Assignment Repairing Jobs That Fail to Satisfy Learning Goals Companies often divide up work as a way to improve efficiency, but specialisation can lead to negative consequences. DrainFlow is a company that has effectively used specialisation to reduce costs relative to its competitors’ costs for years, but rising customer complaints suggest the firm’s strong position may be slipping. After reading the case, you will suggest some ways it can create more interesting work for employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Customer Service and Order Processors or any similar topic only for you Order Now You will also tackle the problem of finding people who are qualified and ready to perform the multiple responsibilities required in these jobs. Major Topic Areas Job design Job satisfaction Personality Emotional labour The Scenario DrainFlow is a large residential and commercial plumbing  maintenance firm that operates around the United Kingdom. It has been a major player in residential plumbing  for decades, and its familiar rhyming motto, â€Å"When  Your Drain Won’t Go, Call DrainFlow,† has been plastered  on billboards since the 1940s. Leigh Reynaldo has been a regional manager at DrainFlow for about 2 years. She used to work for a newer  competing chain, Lightning Plumber, that has been  drawing more and more customers from DrainFlow. Although  her job at DrainFlow pays more, Leigh is not happy  with the way things are going. She has noticed the work environment  is not as vital or energetic as the environment  she saw at Lightning. Leigh thinks the problem is that employees are not motivated  to provide the type of customer service Lightning  Plumber employees offer. She recently sent surveys  to customers to collect information about performance,  and the data confirmed her fears. Although 60 percent  of respondents said they were satisfied with their experience  and would use DrainFlow again, 40 percent felt  their experience was not good, and 30 percent said they  would use a competitor the next time they had a plumbing problem. Leigh is wondering whether DrainFlow’s job design  might be contributing to its problems in retaining customers. DrainFlow has about 2,000 employees in four  basic job categories: plumbers, plumber’s assistants, order  processors, and billing representatives. This structure  is designed to keep costs as low as possible. Plumbers make very high wages, whereas plumber’s assistants  make about one-quarter of what a licensed  plumber makes. Using plumber’s assistants is therefore  a very cost-effective strategy that has enabled DrainFlow  to easily undercut the competition when it comes to  price. Order processors make even less than assistants  but about the same as billing processors. All work is very  specialised, but employees are often dependent on another  job category to perform at their most efficient  level. Like most plumbing companies, DrainFlow gets  business mostly from the Yellow Pages and the Internet. Customers either call in to describe a plumbing problem  or submit an online request for plumbing services,  receiving a return call with information within 24 hours. In either case, DrainFlow’s order processors listen to the  customer’s description of the problem to determine  whether a plumber or a plumber’s assistant should  make the service call. The job is then assigned accordingly,  and a service provider goes to the location. When  the job has been completed, via mobile phone, a billing representative  relays the fee to SHR034-6, 12-13 he service rep, who presents  a bill to the customer for payment. Billing representatives  can take customers’ credit card payments by phone  or e-mail an invoice for online payment. The Problem Although specialisation does cut costs significantly, Leigh  is worried about customer dissatisfaction. According to  her survey, about 25 percent of customer contacts  ended in no service call beca use customers were confused  by the diagnostic questions the order processors  asked and because the order processors did not have  sufficient knowledge or skill to explain the situation. That means fully one in four people who call DrainFlow  to hire a plumber are worse than dissatisfied: they  are not customers at all! The remaining 75 percent of calls that did end in a customer service encounter resulted  in other problems. The most frequent complaints Leigh found in the customer  surveys were about response time and cost, especially  when the wrong person was sent to a job. A  plumber’s assistant cannot complete a more technically  complicated job. The appointment has to be rescheduled,  and the customer’s time and the staff’s time have  been wasted. The resulting delay often caused customers  in these situations to decline further contact  with DrainFlow—many of them decided to go with  Lightning Plumber. â€Å"When I arrive at a job I can’t take care of,† says  plumber’s assistant Jim Larson, â€Å"the customer gets  annoyed. They thought they were getting a licensed  plumber, since they were calling for a plumber. Telling  them they have to have someone else come out doesn’t  go over well. †Ã‚   On the other hand, when a plumber responds to a  job easily handled by a plumber’s assistant, the customer  is still charged at the plumber’s higher pay rate. Licensed plumber Luis Berger also does not like being in  the position of giving customers bad news. â€Å"If I get  called out to do something like snake a drain, the customer  isn’t expecting a hefty bill. I’m caught in a difficult situation—I don’t set the rates or make the  appointments, but I’m the one who gets it from the customer. †Ã‚  Plumbers also resent being sent to do such simple  work. Obi Ani is one of DrainFlow’s order processors. She is frustrated too when the wrong person is sent  to a job but feels she and the other order processors are  doing the best they can. We have a survey we’re supposed  to follow with the calls to find out what the problem  is and who needs to take the job,† she explains. â€Å"The  customers don’t know that we have a standard form, so  they think we can answer all their questions. Most of us  don’t know any more about plumbing than the calle r. If  they don’t use the terms on the survey, we don’t understand  what they’re talking about. A plumber would, but  we’re not plumbers; we just take the calls. † Customer service issues also involve the billing representatives. They are the ones who have to keep contacting  customers about payment. It’s not my fault the  wrong guy was sent,† says Elisabeth King. â€Å"If two guys  went out, that’s two trips. If a plumber did the work, you  pay plumber rates. Some of these customers don’t get  that I didn’t take their first call, and so I get yelled at. †Ã‚  The billing representatives also complain that they see  only the tail end of the process, so they don’t know what  the original call entailed. The job is fairly impersonal,  and much of the work is recording customer complaints. Remember—40 percent of customers are not satisfied,  and it is the billing representativ es who take the  brunt of their negative reactions on the phone. As you can probably tell, all employees have to engage  in emotional labour, as described in your textbook,  and many lack the skills or personality traits to complete  the customer interaction component of their jobs. They  are not trained to provide customer service, and they see  their work mostly in technical, or mechanical, terms. Quite a few are actually anxious about speaking directly  with customers. The office staff (order processors and  billing representatives) realise customer service is part  of their job, but they also find dealing with negative  feedback from customers and co-workers stressful. Two years ago, a management consulting  company was hired to survey DrainFlow worker attitudes. The results showed they were less satisfied than  workers in other comparable jobs. The following table  provides a breakdown of respondent satisfaction levels  across a number of categories:  Ã‚  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 DrainFlow Plumbers DrainFlow Plumber Assistants DrainFlow Office Workers Average Plumber Average Office Worker I am satisfied with the work I am asked to do. 3. 7 2. 5 2. 5 4. 3 3. 5 I am satisfied with my working conditions. 3. 8 2. 4 3. 7 4. 1 4. 2 I am satisfied with my interactions with o-workers. 3. 5 3. 2 2. 7 3. 8 3. 9 I am satisfied with my interactions with my supervisor 2. 5 2. 3 2. 2 3. 5 3. 4 The information about average plumbers and average  office workers is taken from the management consulting  company’s records of other companies. They  are not exactly surprising, given some of the complaints DrainFlow employees have made. Top managemen t is  worried about these results, but they have not been able  to formulate a solution. The traditional DrainFlow culture  has been focused on cost containment, and the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"soft areas† like employee satisfaction has not been a major  issue. The Proposed Solution The company is in trouble, and as revenues shrink and  the cost savings that were supposed to be achieved by  dividing up work fail to materialise, a change seems to  be in order. Leigh is proposing using cash rewards to improve performance  among employees. She thinks if employees  were paid based on work outcomes, they would work harder  to satisfy customers. Because it is not easy to measure  how satisfied people are with the initial call-in, Leigh  would like to give the order processors a small reward  for every 20 calls successfully completed. For the hands-on  work, she would like to have each billing representative  collect information about customer satisfaction for each  completed call. If no complaints are made and the job  is handled promptly, a moderate cash reward would be  given to the plumber or plumber’s assistant. If the customer  indicates real satisfaction with the service, a  larger cash reward would be provided. Leigh also wants to find people who are a better fit with  the company’s new goals. Current hiring procedure relies  on unstructured interviews with each location’s general manager, and little consistency is found in the way  these managers choose employees. Most lack training in  customer service and organisational behaviour. Leigh thinks  it would be better if hiring methods were standardised  across all branches in her region to help managers identify  recruits who can actually succeed in the job. Your Assignment Your task is to prepare a persuasive report for Leigh on the potential  effectiveness of her cash reward and structured interview  programmes. Make certain it is in the form of a  professional business document that you would give  to an experienced manager at this level of a fairly large  corporation. Leigh is very smart when it comes to managing  finances and running a plumbing business, but she  will not necessarily know about the organisational behaviour  principles you are describing. As any new  proposals must be passed through top management,  you should also address their concerns about cost containment. You will need to make a strong evidence-based  financial case that changing the management style will  benefit the company. When you write, make sure you touch on the following  points:  Ã‚   SHR034-6, 12-13 1. Although it is clear employees are not especially satisfied  with their work, do you think this is a reason  for concern? Does research suggest satisfied workers  are actually better at their jobs? Are any other behavioural  outcomes associated with job satisfaction? 2. Using job characteristics theory, explain why the  present system of job design may be contributing to  employee dissatisfaction. Describe some ways you  could help employees feel more satisfied with their  work by redesigning their jobs. 3. Leigh has a somewhat vague idea about how to implement  the cash rewards system. Describe some of the  specific ways you would make the reward system  work better, based on the case. 4. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using  financial incentives in a program of this nature. What, if any, potential problems might arise if people  are given money for achieving customer satisfaction  goals? What other types of incentives might  be considered? 5. Create a specific plan to assess whether the reward  system is working. What are the dependent variables  that should change if the system works? How will  you go about measuring success? How to cite Customer Service and Order Processors, Essay examples

Quadcopter Hardware Implementation Project

Question: Describe about the Quadcopter Hardware Implementation Project? Answer: Introduction A quadcopter or a quadrotor helicopter is a helicopter with multiple rotors, which uses four rotors or motors to perform the upliftment operation. To propel the Quadcopter, the four motors or rotors are used, with propellers attached to the motor axis. Quadcopter has two fixed pitched propellers, which are identical: two anticlockwise and two clockwise. They are used to control torque and lift by varying the RPM of the rotors. In this project, a quadrotor helicopter has been designed, and its hardware has been implemented. The report describes the designing and development part in details. The materials used has also been discussed in the report. The quadcopter so developed, is a working model and take a successful flight. Quadcopter finds a variety of applications in various fields. Some of them are: 1. Research Uses In research purposes, the Quadcopter is used to study the physics and aerodynamics. 2. Military Use Military finds an extensive use of Quadcopter. It is used for surveillance and reconnaissance. They are commonly referred to as drones here. They can perform risky tasks as they are unmanned. 3. Commercial Use The commercial use of Quadcopter has been emerging extensively. They are used for HD photography, for video coverage of events, delivery system to remote locations etc. Many more uses are planned in recent future. Implementation Main Design and Working The rotors of the quadcopter are used to produce thrust. Torque is also produced by them, which is about the centre of rotation. The drag force produced is opposite to the direction of light of the quadcopter. Fig. Torque on each motor on the quadcopter If all rotors are spinning at the same angular velocity, with motors 1 and 3 rotating clockwise and rotors 2 and 4 counter clockwise, the net aerodynamic torque, and hence the angular acceleration about the yaw axis, is exactly zero, which implies that the yaw stabilizing rotor of conventional helicopters is not needed. Yaw is induced by mismatching the balance in aerodynamic torques (i.e., by offsetting the cumulative thrust commands between the counter-rotating blade pairs). Materials Used The main materials needed for building a quadcopter are: propellers, frame, and motors/rotors. In our project, we have used a hybrid combination of plastic and wooden frame. The frame have been crafted out from a sheet of light weight wood, and have been designed according to the need. The propellers are made of plastic, and are of fixed pitch. They are durable and good for the project. Very high RPM brushless DC motors have been used in the project as rotors. Fig. Propellers Fig. Li-Po battery The battery is the most important component in a Quadcopter. The battery used in our project is a Li-Po battery, which is rechargeable. The battery has to be powerful enough to give the Quadcopter the desired time flight. Result The quadcopter has been designed and implemented on the hardware successfully. The quadcopter takes the flight like it should, and can be manually controlled. It has a microcontroller embedded in it, and it can be programmed to work on its own. The battery once charged can be used to fly the quadcopter for about 15 minutes. Better battery can be used to make it fly for longer durations. The flight dynamics and flying can be controlled by controlling the rotors separately, or in pairs. Evaluation A very light weight material has to be used for the quadcopter frame. We have used a combination of plastic and wood. But instead, if we used the whole body made of light weight plastic, it would have been lighter. The se of carbon fibre material is also recommended. It is a very light material, and hence, perfect for the small quadcopter project. It is also very sturdy and can be used to carry weights with the quadcopter as payload. These weight can be camera or GPS devices, or such instruments, if we wish to extend the project further and make it more useable. The use of better battery is also recommended. Through, the battery should be always Lithium ion polymer battery, as it can provide a steady current for a longer duration of time. If the battery has more mAh rating, it could provide current for longer duration, and hence, the quadcopter could take longer duration flights. Also, if we wish to extend the project by integrating other peripherals like camera or GPS device to the quadcopter, a better battery would be needed to power such a device too. The quadcopter can be made wireless by using and integrating a wireless device with it, like Wi-Fi device or a Bluetooth device. Most popular device used with quadcopter are ZeegBee, which are should distance wireless devices. They can be easily integrated and programmed with our project. The project doesnt require any special maintenance. Though, the battery, if not taken proper care of, can become useless after some time. So, it should be properly turned off and disconnect after every use. The charging and discharging cycle should also be kept in mind. Conclusion The quadcopter has become a very important field of research and development. It has been expected to take over many important activities like delivery system, and extensive use in defence. We have successfully developed and implemented the hardware of a Quadcopter in this project. The functionalities of the developed project is: it can take a flight, change direction, change altitude, rotate.